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A novel stacking sheet-like carbon (SSC) has been synthesized by carbonizing the corn stalks and composited with sulfur to prepare a cathode for lithium/sulfur batteries. Scanning electronic microscopy observations showed the formation of irregularly interlaced nanosheet-like structure consisting SSC with uniform sulfur coating on its surface. The SSC nanoflakes in the composite act as nanocurrent...
We introduce low levels of CsClO4 and RbClO4 into the electrolyte of LiCoO2 electrochemical half-cells to probe the composition of the passivation film on the surface of the cathode, the electrolyte decomposition layer (EDL). The advantages of these heavy alkali dopants lie in their large ionic radii, which limit intercalation, yet their strong light scattering cross-section creates a beacon that...
The synthesis, characterization, and ionic conductivities of poly(acrylonitrile-co-2-vinylpyridine) and its salts with vinyl acetic acid and 4-pentenoic acid are reported here. The copolymer and the salts are characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD),...
Lithium ion batteries have gained increasing attention in the last two decades. Perfoming electrolyte additive into lithium ion battery could enhance the baterry performance. However several studies on electrolyte additive only show the experimental data. The behavior of battery kinetic inside the battery and the ionic diffusion during operation was not analyzed. This study will investigate the effect...
Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) is a potential cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. This material has been prepared via a sol-gel synthesis method using acetate-based reactants with and without chelating agent. The chelating agent is citric acid. The precursor material obtained on heating the reactants at 500 °C for 4 h has been calcined at different temperatures between 500 and 900 °C for...
ZrO2:H thin films were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The effects of thickness on structure and morphologies of ZrO2:H thin films were lucubrated. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals that the fully oxidized value of Zr (Zr4+) exists in both ZrO2 and ZrO2:H films. X-ray diffraction data show the crystallinity of ZrO2:H thin films tends to be weak and the...
Analysis of the available thermal conductivity data for the molten alkali and alkaline-earth salts, performed with the standard least square method and the interval analysis, reveals that the molar thermal conductivity of the molten alkali halides and alkali nitrates at temperatures close to their melting point has a constant value, equal to 19.08 and 23.42 W · m2 · mole−1 · K−1 · 10−6, respectively...
This paper provides an overview of technological challenges and recent advances in the liquid feed passive direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC). Important issues viz. species management, thermal management, methanol crossover, sluggish anode kinetics, durability and stability, and cost are discussed in detail. Methanol management, water management, oxygen management, and carbon dioxide management are...
Oxide ion conductors are technologically important materials, essential for electrochemical devices such as oxygen separation membranes and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Bi4V2 − xMexO11 − δ (BiMeVOx) is a well-known family of material with high ionic conductivity at low operating temperatures. However, it is often reported to possess three structurally...
A carbon paste electrode modified by –COOH functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes and Fe2O3 nanoparticles was prepared for the determination of antiparkinson drug ropinirole using adsorptive stripping differential pulse and square wave voltammetric methods. The results showed that the modified electrode significantly enhanced the oxidation peak current of ropinirole. Effects of pH, scan rate,...
A liquid electrolyte based on binary solvent systems of ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI) incorporated with methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer is synthesized. The ionic conductivity (σ) ∼2.16 × 10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature is found for the 0.058 mol kg−1 of LiTFSI. Viscosity measurements are carried out within temperature ranges...
Three-dimensional hierarchical carbon nanotube/acetylene black (CNT/AB) networks are fabricated by a simple mixing method to enhance electronic contact among LiMn2O4 particles in the rechargeable hybrid aqueous battery (ReHAB), an aqueous Zn/LiMn2O4 battery system. The hierarchical and long-range conductive pathways lead to fast electronic transfer in the CNT/AB/LiMn2O4 cathode, which contributes...
This study investigates the suitability of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes for supercapacitor application. For this purpose, electrochemical anodization technique has been employed. In order to obtain the nanotubes with different dimensions, the quantity of ethylene glycol (Eg) and glycerol (Gy) were varied in the concentration ratio 70:30 (E7G3) and 50:50 (E5G5), respectively. The tube length and...
Pyridinium salts with inorganic dihydrogen phosphate ions (CnPy-DHP) were derived from biphenyl benzoate-based precursors bearing terminal alkoxy chains. Molecular structures of the pyridinium salts were characterized by 31P magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (31P MAS NMR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry...
A synthesis process of lithium bis(oxalato) borate (LiBOB) has been conducted. LiBOB is one of lithium salts which is potentially viable to be utilized as an electrolyte material for lithium-ion battery. In the synthesis of LiBOB powder, oxalic acid, lithium hydroxide, and boric acid were mixed with 2:1:1 mol ratio until homogeneous. The method employed in the synthesis of LiBOB was solid state reaction...
A sensitive, simple, and novel electrochemical sensor was fabricated using cyanidin (CYN) and carbon nanotube (MWCNT). During modification step, cyanidin was oxidized to the corresponding quinonic structure, and attached to the surface of MWCNT/GCE. In the blank buffer solution, the electrodeposited film exhibits a voltammetric response anticipated for the surface-confined electrochemical behavior...
The layered Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 lithium-rich manganese-based solid solution cathode material has been synthesized by a simple solid-state method. The as-prepared material has a typical layered structure with R-3m and C2/m space group. The synthesized Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 has an irregular shape with the size range from 200 to 500 nm, and the primary particle of Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2...
Lithium nitrate (LiNO3) is reported as an effective additive to protect lithium anode in rechargeable lithium-sulfur battery. However, for its strong oxidation, cells containing LiNO3 still suffer from safety problems and poor cycle performance since LiNO3 can be reduced on cathode to form some irreversible products. In this study, a facile and effective method to pre-passivate lithium anode is proposed...
The porous WO3/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite films are prepared on indium–tin oxide (ITO) glass by sol-gel method. The mixture sol combines peroxotungstic acid solution with rGO dispersion reduced by ethylene glycol (EG). The excessive EG and other organic additives are subsequently removed by annealing, which leads to the formation of porous structure. Compared with pure WO3 film, WO3/rGO...
Spinel LiMn2O4 has been known to be a technologically important, environmental-friendly, and low-cost cathode material used in Li-based rechargeable batteries, and it is also widely available. Nanoparticle spinel LiMn2O4 has been synthesized by the top-down, high-energy milling, and hydrothermal methods. SEM images, X-ray diffraction patterns, and neutron high-resolution powder diffraction patterns...
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